PTE Writing Summarize Written Text (SWT) – Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence (between 5 and 75 words). Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
PTE Writing – Summarize Written Text
1. Read and summarize written text in your words.
Electric Eels
The first time I read Von Humboldt’s tale, I thought it was completely bizarre, Catania says. Why would the eels attack the horses instead of swimming away? But then he observed the same behaviour by accident as he transferred the eels in his lab from one tank to another using a metal-rimmed net. Instead of swimming away, larger eels attacked the net by leaping out of the water.
Catania tracked the strength of the eels electric shock by attaching a voltmeter to an aluminium plate, or conductive metal strips to predator objects such as a crocodile head replica. The zap a submerged eel distributes through the water is relatively weak when it reaches the target. But when an eel touches it with its electricity-generating chin, the current travels directly to the target and has to travel through its body before it gets back to the water, Catania reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This allows the eels to deliver shocks with a maximum amount of power to partially submerged land animals that invade their territory, Catania explains. It also allows them to electrify a much larger portion of the invader’s body. Catania found the eels leapt to attack, rather than receded, more often when the water in the aquarium was lower. He argues the attack lets electric eels better defend themselves during the Amazon dry season. When they’re cornered in small pools, and make easy prey.
Show Sample Summary >>> 2. Read and summarize written text in your words. Dinosaur Extinct What killed off the dinosaurs? The end of the Cretaceous Period saw one of the most dramatic mass extinctions the Earth has ever seen. First of all, let us learn some basic information about “nurse shark”. The fossil record shows that throughout their 160-million-year existence, dinosaurs took on a huge variety of forms as the environment changed and new species evolved that was suited to these new conditions. Others that failed to adopt went extinct. But then 66 million years ago, over a relatively short time, dinosaurs disappeared completely (except for birds). Many other animals also died out, including pterosaurs, large marine reptiles, and other sea creatures such as ammonites. Although the number of dinosaur species was already declining, this suggests a sudden catastrophic event sealed their fate, causing unfavourable changes to the environment more quickly than dinosaurs and other creatures could adapt. The exact nature of this catastrophic event is still open to scientific debate. The catastrophe could have been an asteroid impact, volcanic eruptions or the effect of both, together with more gradual changes in the Earth’s climate over millions of years. Whatever the causes, the huge extinction that ended the age of the dinosaur left gaps in the ecosystem that were subsequently filled by mammals and birds, allowing them to evolve rapidly. Show Sample Summary >>>Recommended:
By the end of cretaceous period the mass extinction event has occurred on Earth about 66 million years ago, and due to environmental changes caused by asteroid impact and/or huge volcanic eruption, witnessed the disappearance of dinosaurs and many other animals, while some mammals and birds have adapted to survive in the new conditions that might have helped the evolvement of new species to the ecosystem.
Quick unfavorable changes to environment might have caused the dinosaurs to go extinct; however, what exactly killed off the dinosaurs is still open to scientific debate.
Catania tracked the strength of the eels electric shock by attaching a voltmeter to an aluminum plate and realized how eels deliver shock with a maximum power; although, when he first read the tales of Von Humboldt, he thought it was bizarre.
Dinosaurs became extinct due to the cretaceous event which brought huge changes to nature; however, these changes made animals adapt in the new environment rapidly.
Eels have a special ability to protect themselves from falling prey and that is electric shock, Catania did a research by transferring the Eels into an aquarium and this ability let the Eels defend themselves from any invader who tries to enter their territory, due to this they manage to survive in a better way.
Electric eels leap to attack through electric shocks generated by its tins that helps to defend themselves from submerged land animals that invade their territory.
A long time ago, dinosaurs disappeared due to the unfavourable changes to the environment caused by a sudden catastrophic event that occurred either through asteroid impact, volcanic eruptions or the effect of both, left gaps in the ecosystem was subsequently filled by the rapid evolvement of mammals and birds.
According to a study report of Cantania eels have capability to generate an electric shock to its target with great amount of power which allows them to defend themselves against the prey in dry season.
Dinosaurs could not adapt the unfavorable changes caused due to catastrophic event over millions of years which brings its age to an end and the gap has been balanced by mammals and birds.
Catania did some experiments and found that eels leapt to attack rather than receded during the invade of it’s territory, eels uses electric shocks not only to defend themselves during dry season but also in prey at small pool.
Catania found in his experiment that eels usually attack by touching with its electricity generating chin which directly give current to the target’s body and also shocks the submerged land animals that invades their territory.
A study conducted by Catania on eels to track the strength of their electric shock reported that their direct touch allows them to electrify a larger part of the invader’s body with greatest amount of power.
It is in debate that the mass extinction of dinosaurs were caused by sudden catastrophic events such as asteroid impacts and volcanic eruptions, which left gaps in the ecosystem are replaced by rapidly evolved mammals and birds.
Earth has experienced many extinctions which includes nurse shark dinosaurs pterosaurs large marine reptiles and other sea creatures called ammonites,the sudden catastrophic events which dinosaurs could not adapt made them extinct however this matter is still under debate and the gaps of extinctions are filled by mammals and birds
Autor please correct
catania says that eels attack the invaders instead of swimming away from them, he tracked the eels electric shock with the help of voltmeter to an aluminium plate and reported in proceedings of the national academy of sciences,finally eels better defend themselves during the dry seasons when they are in small pools.